See cauchemar on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. By surface analysis, cauque + mar. Compare Walloon tchôcmwår.\n* First element from Old French cauche, from the verb chauchier (“to press”), from Latin calcare (“to trample, tread on”), from calx (“heel”), of uncertain origin.\n* Second element from Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”), from Proto-West Germanic *marā, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”), from *mer- (“to die”); related to the homograph English mare. More at mare.",
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"text": "Coordinate term: rêve"
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"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kašmar",
"word": "кашмар"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ḳošmari",
"word": "კოშმარი"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ḳašmari",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "კაშმარი"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "košmar",
"word": "кошмар"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "košmar",
"word": "кошмар"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kašmar",
"word": "кашмар"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ḳošmari",
"word": "კოშმარი"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ḳašmari",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "კაშმარი"
},
{
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "košmar",
"word": "кошмар"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pre-1918 spelling"
],
"roman": "košmár",
"word": "кошма́ръ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "košmar"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "кошмар"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "košmar",
"word": "кошмар"
},
{
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kojmar"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "koshmar",
"word": "קאָשמאַר"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cauquemare"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauquemare",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cauque",
"3": "mar",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, cauque + mar",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "tchôcmwår"
},
"expansion": "Walloon tchôcmwår",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cauche",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauche",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcare",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, tread on"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcare (“to trample, tread on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*marā",
"t": "evil spirit"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*marā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *marā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*marǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "nightmare, incubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mor-",
"4": "",
"5": "malicious female spirit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mare",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "English mare",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. By surface analysis, cauque + mar. Compare Walloon tchôcmwår.\n* First element from Old French cauche, from the verb chauchier (“to press”), from Latin calcare (“to trample, tread on”), from calx (“heel”), of uncertain origin.\n* Second element from Frankish *marā (“evil spirit”), from Proto-West Germanic *marā, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”), from *mer- (“to die”); related to the homograph English mare. More at mare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cauchemars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cauchemar m (plural cauchemars)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cauche",
"mar"
]
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French links with redundant alt parameters",
"French links with redundant wikilinks",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mer-",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"French terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Sleep"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: rêve"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
60,
71
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
51,
62
]
],
"english": "I couldn't sleep last night because I had too many nightmares.",
"text": "Je n'ai pas pu dormir hier soir parce que j'ai fait trop de cauchemars.",
"translation": "I couldn't sleep last night because I had too many nightmares.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
30
]
],
"english": "Was it a dream or a nightmare?",
"text": "C'était un rêve ou un cauchemar?",
"translation": "Was it a dream or a nightmare?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
63
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
60,
71
]
],
"english": "He was tossing and turning all night, I think [that] he had nightmares.",
"text": "Il a remué toute la nuit, je crois qu'il a fait des cauchemars.",
"translation": "He was tossing and turning all night, I think [that] he had nightmares.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
75
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
69
]
],
"english": "I had an accident this morning! I'm okay but it was a true nightmare!",
"text": "J'ai eu un accident ce matin! Je vais bien mais ça a été un vrai cauchemar!",
"translation": "I had an accident this morning! I'm okay but it was a true nightmare!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nightmare"
],
"links": [
[
"nightmare",
"nightmare"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔʃ.maʁ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koʃ.maʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-cauchemar.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Fr-cauchemar.ogg/Fr-cauchemar.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Fr-cauchemar.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-cauchemar.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-cauchemar.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-cauchemar.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-cauchemar.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-cauchemar.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-cauchemar.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-cauchemar.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cauchemar.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cauchemar.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-cauchemar.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-cauchemar.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-cauchemar.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-cauchemar.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-cauchemar.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-cauchemar.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-X-Javier-cauchemar.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-cauchemar.wav.mp3",
"note": "Massy",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-cauchemar.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-cauchemar.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cauchemars"
}
],
"word": "cauchemar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cauchemar meaning in All languages combined (12.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.